问题重现 
因为sed -i /etc/sysconfig/selinux(selinux文件是/etc/selinux/config的软链接)配置文件重启SELINUX没有关闭,才发现原来sed -i是不能直接修改软链接文件的,如下我修改之后的后果:
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[ root@node1 ~] # ll /etc/sysconfig/selinux    
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 2月  20 20:34 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> /etc/selinux/config
 [ root@node1 ~] # sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux   
[ root@node1 ~] # ll /etc/sysconfig/selinux    
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 457 2月  20 22:50 /etc/sysconfig/selinux
 [ root@node1 ~] #    
我们发现链接文件不再是链接文件了,后来查看sed man选项时发现如下选项说明
–follow-symlinks
follow symlinks when processing in place; hard links will still be broken. 
 
-i[SUFFIX], –in-place[=SUFFIX]
edit  files  in  place (makes backup if extension supplied).  The default operation mode is to break symbolic and hard links.  This can be changed with –follow-symlinks and –copy. 
 
-c, –copy
use copy instead of rename when shuffling files in -i mode.  While this  will  avoid  breaking links  (symbolic  or hard), the resulting editing operation is not atomic.  This is rarely the desired mode; 
 
–follow-symlinks is usually enough, and it is both faster and more secure.
 
以上说明就不作过多解释了,说的很明显,看下面实例
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[ root@node1 ~] # echo "test" >>test   
[ root@node1 ~] # ln -s ~/test ~/test_soft   
[ root@node1 ~] # ln ~/test ~/test_hard   
[ root@node1 ~] # ll -i test*   
271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:04 test   
 271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:04 test_hard
 271655 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2月  20 23:04 test_soft -> /root/test
 [ root@node1 ~] # sed -i "s/test/hard/g" test_hard    
[ root@node1 ~] # sed -i "s/test/soft/g" test_soft    
[ root@node1 ~] # ll -i test*   
271653 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2月  20 23:04 test   
 271656 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2月  20 23:05 test_hard
 271657 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2月  20 23:06 test_soft
 [ root@node1 ~] #    
很明显如man中所说-i选项对软链接和硬链接都会使受到破坏,而-c选项则不会
问题解决 
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[ root@node1 ~] # rm -rf test* 
[ root@node1 ~] # echo "test" >>test 
[ root@node1 ~] # ln -s ~/test ~/test_soft 
[ root@node1 ~] # ln ~/test ~/test_hard 
[ root@node1 ~] # ll -i test* 
271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:08 test 
 271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:08 test_hard
 271655 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2月  20 23:08 test_soft -> /root/test
 [ root@node1 ~] # sed -i -c  "s/test/soft/g" test_soft  
[ root@node1 ~] # sed -i -c  "s/test/soft/g" test_hard  
[ root@node1 ~] # ll -i test* 
271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:11 test 
 271653 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root  5 2月  20 23:11 test_hard
 271655 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2月  20 23:08 test_soft -> /root/test
 
–follow-symlinks选项只对软链接有效,硬链接还是会被破坏,建议使用-c选项,这里就不举例了
问题延伸 
后来发现在RHEL5上运行相同的操作居然没有出现类似的现象,运行结果如下:
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$  echo  "test"  >> test 
$  ln -s ~/test ~/test1
$  ll ~/test1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 sxkj sxkj 15 02-21 13:26 /home/sxkj/test1 -> /home/sxkj/test
 $  sed -i "s/test/test1/g"  ~/test1
$  ll ~/test1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 sxkj sxkj 15 02-21 13:26 /home/sxkj/test1 -> /home/sxkj/test
 
经查是sed的版本不同造成的影响,RHEL5系列的还是使用老版本的sed,没有–follow-symlinks类似的选项,笔者之前实验的版本是RHEL6.3,所以出现之前的一系列问题了
–EOF–