OPS Notes By 枯木

Pdsh使用方法

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PDSH(Parallel Distributed SHell)可并行的执行对目标主机的操作，对于批量执行命令和分发任务有很大的帮助，在使用前需要配置ssh无密码登录，点击下载

pdsh基本用法

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 pdsh -h
Usage: pdsh [-options] command ...
-S                return largest of remote command return values
-h                output usage menu and quit                获取帮助
-V                output version information and quit       查看版本
-q                list the option settings and quit         列出pdsh执行的一些信息
-b                disable ^C status feature (batch mode)
-d                enable extra debug information from ^C status
-l user           execute remote commands as user           指定远程使用的用户
-t seconds        set connect timeout (default is 10 sec)   指定超时时间
-u seconds        set command timeout (no default)          类似-t
-f n              use fanout of n nodes                     设置同时连接的目标主机的个数
-w host,host,...  set target node list on command line      指定主机，host可以是主机名也可以是ip
-x host,host,...  set node exclusion list on command line   排除某些或者某个主机
-R name           set rcmd module to name                   指定rcmd的模块名，默认使用ssh
-N                disable hostname: labels on output lines  输出不显示主机名或者ip
-L                list info on all loaded modules and exit  列出pdsh加载的模块信息
-a                target all nodes                          指定所有的节点
-g groupname      target hosts in dsh group "groupname"     指定dsh组名
-X groupname      exclude hosts in dsh group "groupname"    排除组，一般和-a连用
available rcmd modules: exec,xcpu,ssh (default: ssh)        可用的执行命令模块，默认为ssh

使用实例

单个主机测试

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$ pdsh -w 192.168.0.231 -l root uptime
192.168.0.231:  16:16:11 up 32 days, 22:14, ? users,  load average: 0.10, 0.14, 0.16

多个主机测试

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$ pdsh -w 192.168.0.[231-233] -l root uptime
192.168.0.233:  16:17:05 up 32 days, 22:17, ? users,  load average: 0.13, 0.12, 0.10
192.168.0.232:  16:17:05 up 32 days, 22:17, ? users,  load average: 0.45, 0.34, 0.27
192.168.0.231:  16:17:06 up 32 days, 22:15, ? users,  load average: 0.09, 0.13, 0.15

逗号分隔主机

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$ pdsh -w 192.168.0.231,192.168.0.234 -l root uptime
192.168.0.234:  16:19:44 up 32 days, 22:19, ? users,  load average: 0.17, 0.21, 0.20
192.168.0.231:  16:19:44 up 32 days, 22:17, ? users,  load average: 0.29, 0.18, 0.16

-x排除某个主机

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$ pdsh -w 192.168.0.[231-233] -x 192.168.0.232 -l root uptime
192.168.0.233:  16:18:24 up 32 days, 22:19, ? users,  load average: 0.11, 0.12, 0.09
192.168.0.231:  16:18:25 up 32 days, 22:16, ? users,  load average: 0.11, 0.13, 0.15

主机组
对于-g组，把对应的主机写入到/etc/dsh/group/或~/.dsh/group/目录下的文件中即可，文件名就是对应组名

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$ cat ~/.dsh/group/dsh-test
192.168.0.231
192.168.0.232
192.168.0.233
192.168.0.234

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$ pdsh -g dsh-test -l root uptime
192.168.0.232:  16:21:38 up 32 days, 22:22, ? users,  load average: 0.01, 0.15, 0.21
192.168.0.231:  16:21:38 up 32 days, 22:19, ? users,  load average: 0.17, 0.16, 0.16
192.168.0.234:  16:21:39 up 32 days, 22:21, ? users,  load average: 0.15, 0.19, 0.19
192.168.0.233:  16:21:40 up 32 days, 22:22, ? users,  load average: 0.15, 0.15, 0.10

dshbak格式化输出
pdsh的缺省输出格式为主机名加该主机的输出，在主机或输出多时会比较混乱，可以采用dshbak做一些格式化，让输出更清晰。

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$ pdsh -g dsh-test -l root 'date'       #查看哪些主机时间不一样，主机一多，可读性不强
192.168.0.232: Wed Jun 19 16:24:40 CST 2013
192.168.0.231: Wed Jun 19 16:24:40 CST 2013
192.168.0.234: Wed Jun 19 16:24:40 CST 2013
192.168.0.233: Wed Jun 19 16:24:40 CST 2013

使用dshbak之后可读性变得好了很多

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$ pdsh -g dsh-test -l root 'date' | dshbak -c
----------------
192.168.0.[231-232,234]
----------------
Wed Jun 19 16:24:18 CST 2013
----------------
192.168.0.233
----------------
Wed Jun 19 16:24:19 CST 2013

–EOF–

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